Present-day kinematics and seismic potential of the Ganzi-Yushu fault, eastern Tibetan plateau, constrained from InSAR

In recent years, earthquakes have occurred frequently on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and the seismic hazard is high. However, because of the remote location of the Ganzi-Yushu fault zone, no high-resolution geodetic measurements of this region have been made. The radar line-of-sight deformation field of the Ganzi-Yushu fault was obtained using seven-track ascending and descending Sentinel-A/B interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from 2014 to 2020. Using the InSAR and published Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, we calculated the 3D deformation field in the study area, investigated the segment-specific fault slip rate, and inverted the fault slip distribution pattern using the steepest descent method. We then evaluated the seismic hazard using the strain rate field and slip deficit rate. The main findings of this study include the following. 1) The slip rate of the Ganzi-Yushu fault gradually increases from 2.5 to 6.8 mm/yr from northwest to southeast. 2) A high-resolution strain rate map shows high-value anomalies in the Yushu and Dangjiang areas. 3) Our comprehensive analysis suggests that the seismic hazard of the Dangjiang and Dengke segments with high slip deficits cannot be ignored

Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Interventions in People With Mental Disorders: A Dynamic Decision Analytical Model

OBJECTIVES: People with mental disorders are more likely to smoke than the general population. The objective of this study is to develop a decision analytical model that estimates long-term cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in this population. METHODS: A series of Markov models were constructed to estimate average lifetime smoking-attributable inpatient cost and expected quality-adjusted life-years. The model parameters were estimated using a variety of data sources. The model incorporated uncertainty through probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulations. It also generated tables presenting incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of the proposed interventions with varying incremental costs and incremental quit rates. We used data from 2 published trials to demonstrate the model’s ability to make projections beyond the observational time frame. RESULTS: The average smoker’s smoking-attributable inpatient cost was 3 times higher and health utility was 5% lower than ex-smokers. The intervention in the trial with a statistically insignificant difference in quit rate (19% vs 25%; P=.2) showed a 45% to 49% chance of being cost-effective compared with the control at willingness-to-pay thresholds of £20 000 to £30 000/quality-adjusted life-years. The second trial had a significant outcome (quit rate 35.9% vs 15.6%; P<.001), and the corresponding probability of the intervention being cost-effective was 65%. CONCLUSIONS: This model provides a consistent platform for clinical trials to estimate the potential lifetime cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for people with mental disorders and could help commissioners direct resources to the most cost-effective programs. However, direct comparisons of results between trials must be interpreted with caution owing to their different designs and settings

Optimal Accounting of Differential Privacy via Characteristic Function

Characterizing the privacy degradation over compositions, i.e., privacy accounting, is a fundamental topic in differential privacy (DP) with many applications to differentially private machine learning and federated learning. We propose a unification of recent advances (Renyi DP, privacy profiles, $f$-DP and the PLD formalism) via the \emph{characteristic function} ($\phi$-function) of a certain \emph{dominating} privacy loss random variable. We show that our approach allows \emph{natural} adaptive composition like Renyi DP, provides \emph{exactly tight} privacy accounting like PLD, and can be (often \emph{losslessly}) converted to privacy profile and $f$-DP, thus providing $(\epsilon,\delta)$-DP guarantees and interpretable tradeoff functions. Algorithmically, we propose an \emph{analytical Fourier accountant} that represents the \emph{complex} logarithm of $\phi$-functions symbolically and uses Gaussian quadrature for numerical computation. On several popular DP mechanisms and their subsampled counterparts, we demonstrate the flexibility and tightness of our approach in theory and experiments

Institutional barriers to financing transit-oriented development in China: Analyzing informal land value capture strategies

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A Self‐Assembled CO2 Reduction Electrocatalyst: Posy‐Bouquet‐Shaped Gold‐Polyaniline Core‐Shell Nanocomposite

© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH Here it was demonstrated that the decoration of gold (Au) with polyaniline is an effective approach in increasing its electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO. The core-shell-structured gold-polyaniline (Au−PANI) nanocomposite delivered a CO2-to-CO conversion efficiency of 85 % with a high current density of 11.6 mA cm−2. The polyaniline shell facilitated CO2 adsorption, and the subsequent formation of reaction intermediates on the gold core contributed to the high efficiency observed

Negotiating Integrated Land and Transport Development: A Simulation Gaming Approach to Innovative Value Capture Mechanisms in China

Contains fulltext : 218574.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)10 maart 202020 p

The Influence of Free Price Information and Anti-Stigma Statement on Students’ Intention to Access Counselling Services

The current research question of the study was “how the information that counselling services are free and an anti-stigma statement influence students’ intention to access UBC’s counselling services”. To operate the study, we hypothesized that providing clear information about the free price and using an anti-stigma statement would increase the intention of students to access UBC’s mental health counselling services compared to those not exposed to the information. We operated a between-subjects 2×2 factorial design, two independent variables are information of free price and anti -stigma statement. We obtained a final sample of 204, and used an online survey to measure the intention of participants to access UBC’s mental health counselling services. We used a two-way ANOVA analysis, the results showed no significant main effect of information of free price and anti -stigma statement; no significant interaction effect between information of free price and anti -stigma statement. Therefore, the result was inconsistent with our hypothesis. We suggested targeting stigmas more directly through the use of video intervention, self affirmation framing for targeted statements, and small incentives for completing screening surveys. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”Arts, Faculty ofPsychology, Department ofUnreviewedUndergraduat